玉米蛇宠物饲养询证指南

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《医疗》

信息来源

可供借鉴的法规、书籍列表

证据等级>=IV

  • 德国NTV出版社书籍

  • 德国、英国动物福利法和相关规章

  • 默沙东兽医手册

  • Arcadia 系列的书籍】和 John Courteney-Smith (Arcadia的科学总监) 的书籍(Reptiles and Research推荐)

相关领域学者

指有相关领域学位,在相关领域有较多同行评议文章发表的科研人员。

  • 【Gary Ferguson】弗格森区

  • 【Frances Baines】:兽医,英国爬行动物光照专家。她是皇家兽医外科学院的成员,早年做外科兽医,后来逐渐转而研究爬行动物的光照问题,建立了大量爬行动物的光照需求基准,是“弗格森区”的命名者(对,弗格森区不是弗格森命名的),自2000s开创了普遍使用光谱仪和辐照度计衡量爬行动物灯具输出的做法,为现在的很多光照方案设计提供了基础。

  • 【Sarina Wunderlich】:Dr. Sarina Wunderlich writes: "Because light in all its facets (rainbows, atmospheric light phenomena, light refraction, lasers) has always fascinated me, I studied physics in Erlangen and York (England) with a specialization in optics and in Erlangen at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light. I wrote my doctoral thesis on nonlinear light scattering on nanoparticles. Since 2013 I have been working as a systems engineer at Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH to enable the production of the best and fastest computer chips with Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation (EUV light -13.5 nm). My first reptiles were Greek tortoises, which led me to various tortoise forums where I enjoyed getting involved in lamp discussions. Since 2008 I have been collecting knowledge from literature and discussions on lamp technologies and the biological effects of light, especially on reptiles and amphibians, and I created my website on terrarium lighting, licht-im-terrarium.de, in 2009 - I initially wrote the website mainly for myself. My view of the terrarium lighting is shaped by the physical-scientific side. I'm not a hardcore reptile keeper; against the background of moving, commuting, staying abroad, and business trips, I was too hesitant about getting animals and my interests were perhaps too diverse. However, gold dust day geckos have been accompanying me for several years. I have been a member of the German Society for Herpetology and Terrarium Science since 2003, have been present at all annual conferences since 2008 and have been an active member of the DGHT Advisory Board since 2009." Sarina has been a member of the Reptile Lighting Group since its foundation and has worked alongside Dr. Frances Baines on a number of occasions, in particular investigating the effect of different wavelengths on vitamin D3 formation under UVB lamps. Recently she has been conducting extensive research on the use of LEDs, including UVB LEDs, in reptile husbandry. Sarina lives with her family in the Swabian Ostalb, in Southern Germany.

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  • Mark Finke: 昆虫营养学

  • Dave Oonincx: 昆虫营养学

  • Clifford Warwick:动物认知

  • Anna Wilkinson 动物认知

  • Oliver H.P. Burman 动物认知

  • 【Kevin Arbuckle】动物饲养、动物福利、蛇类毒液、进化方面的学者。Swansea University两爬副教授

  • 【Tracy Langkilde】两爬、动物压力方面的学者。Pennsylvania State University

  • 【Zachary J. Loughman】 Professor of Biology, Chair of the Dept. of Organismal Biology, Ecology & Zoo Science, West Liberty University,从小想研究爬行动物,但因为找工作的原因去研究了crayfish,后来似乎从2020年转回了爬行动物和动物园学,2022年有一些特别相关的会议论文摘要,但估计还没有发表。

    • Poster: Creation of a Body Condition Index (BCI) for Western Hognose Snakes (Heterodon nasicus) for use in Captivity and Conservation
    • Metting abstract: Determination of the Feeding Schedule to Achieve Growth Optimization in Juvenile Snakes: A Case Study
    • Metting abstract: Transfer of Cryptosporidium oocysts from feeder rodents to neonate snakes and its impact on parasite identification methods used by zoological institutions
    • Metting abstract: Evaluating Preference Between Sterile and Enriched Enclosures in False Water Cobras (Hydrodynastes gigas): A Case Study
    • Metting abstract: Epidemiology and Treatment of Cryptosporidium serpentis in a Snake Collection
    • Metting abstract: Containment of a Cryptosporidium serpentis outbreak in a snake collection - A case study
  • 【Thomas Griffiths】:英国动物光照咨询公司Tomaskas的创建者,主业是为动物园设计(调整)光照方案;另外做了大量灯具测试工作,与许多灯具厂商有合作关系。

  • 【Francis Cosquieri】:动物学专业毕业,曾于英国 Durrell 野生动物保护公园(后称 Jersey 动物园)担任动物饲养部主任,建设园中的 Gaherty 两爬中心,参与濒危动物繁育工作。后来辞去饲养员工作后通过其他工作实现了一定程度的经济自由,并开始私人饲养超过170只爬行动物,均提供高质量环境(如每条蛇都有超过其身长的栖地)。

  • 【Muhammad Sharif Khan】:巴基斯坦两爬学领军人物

其他可信专家

注:这只是记录我个人的感受,不是“评价”。仅从圈养动物福利角度的角度衡量,不考虑他们其他方面的工作。

证据等级>=III

  • 【Liam Sinclair】Youtube频道Reptiles and Research的主要作者,极少见的基于文献证据(而不只是个人经验)的爬行动物研究频道。Liam Sinclair有英国University Centre Sparsholt 的Animal Management专业学位。另外在 https://www.reptileforums.co.uk/ 上有一些文字作品。他的个人网站是https://reptilesandresearch.org/。注意有一个与之同名的动物学教授,说的不是这个教授。

  • Lori Torrini 】Youtube博主,动物训练师,就职于Spirit Keeper Animal (Equine) Sanctuary, Colorado,在蛇的行为训练方面极其专业,养有145条蛇(包括宠物蛇、救助蛇和行为研究受试,均提供合格的栖地环境,并均进行行为训练)。她有动物管理和动物健康专业的学士学位,所讲内容非常循证。另外她也做马和猫狗的行为训练。她有下列执照:

    • CPDT-KA(“专业训狗师认证委员(CCPDT)”会经过知识考核的认证专业训狗师 Certified Professional Dog Trainer-Knowledge Assessed),
    • AAB-UW(华盛顿大学动物行为应用认证 University of Washington Certificate in Applied Animal Behavior)
    • FFCP-Trainer(无恐惧动物训练认证项目 Fear Free Animal Trainer Certification Program 的认证训练师)
    • AAS Zoo Keeping(动物园与水族馆协会 Zoo and Aquarium Careers 动物园饲养员执照)
  • 冬青-Cyan】 Bilibili,德国博主,具体教育和工作背景不明,但常进出德国重要动物园的后台。他的B站视频基于动物园介绍以爬行动物为主的动物福利和丰容知识。视频极为专业,是我目前知道的B站上爬行动物频道中理念最为先进、知识介绍最为准确的原创内容频道,遥遥领先。他的视频不提到具体引文,但阅读文献时经常发现他视频中说过的话,说明他在视频中的许多描述是基于文献的。

  • 【Chris Phillips】:从事玉米蛇繁育(包括很多白化玉米蛇),Reptile Lighting Group 管理人员。

  • 瓦泥小守宫】 Bilibili,翻译介绍爬行动物文献和国外动物福利规章。美国博主,饲有翠蜥、蓝舌石龙子、豹纹守宫。

  • 乌拉圭vs袋鼠】 Bilibili, 曾与冬青合作创作与动物福利相关的内容。德国博主,饲有斐济鬣蜥、橄榄蟒、地毯蟒、黑白泰加巨蜥。

兽医

注:这只是记录我个人的感受,不是“评价”。仅从有鳞目宠物兽医学的角度衡量,不考虑他们其他方面的工作。

(有渠道付费问诊,遇到蛇病问题比向一般网友提问靠谱得多):

  • 王妍博,现在在北京立德异宠动物医院,地址在农大旁边,电话62871928;曾经在美联众合转诊中心。

    • 在询问蛇的呼吸道感染问题时几乎靠记忆复述了就诊前查到的所有较新文献和教科书内容。
    • 用视频询问其他问题时做出的解释与后续看到的先进文献表述一致。
    • 粉丝问诊中给出专业的光照建议:豹纹的事医生说,不是肿瘤,应该是有一点点肋骨的变形。我咨询之后,医生也是说,建议也是给夜行性给uvb灯光,如果是没有计量给d3,还是不安全不科学的。
  • 黄源(微博“兽医黄源Vet”)

网站

【】【https://arav.org/,Anderson DVM在Animals at home podcast推荐,有handout, 都是vet approved】【】

【】【https://www.anapsid.org/aboutmk/,Anderson DVM在Animals at home podcast推荐】【】

【】【巨人爬宠Giangarden公众号中的冬青-cyan的文章】【】

http://www.uvguide.co.uk/phototherapyphosphor-tests.htm

https://www.licht-im-terrarium.de/impressum

https://tomaskas.co.uk/papers/

需做额外核查的信息来源

部分信源并不总是可靠,或者其有很多个人经验、但不循证,需做额外核查

  • Snake Discovery】可靠度介于I和III之间。是关注者最多的蛇类Youtube博主,开有同名的私立爬行动物动物园,同时繁殖贩卖猪鼻蛇、牛蛇、奶蛇等物种,亦从事动物的rehoming和少量动物救助。此处列在最后是因为她所讲的知识并不都是询证的,更过的是基于经验的,会出现很多俚俗饲养法,例如给蛇脱敏要靠强迫上手、可以通过向水盆中放硬币的方式防止生物被膜形成。她所讲一般的蛇类知识、或者自己养的多的物种(如猪鼻蛇)相对更可信,但她几乎不养玉米蛇,导致她提到玉米蛇时其实时常有事实错误,需要注意甄别。

  • 【Wickens Wicked Reptiles】质量波动较大,有时混入个人观点,在评价其他频道时对动物虐待行为过于宽容。有时实在是过于标题党。

  • 【John Courteney-Smith】

证据排除列表

以下列表中个人的意见不应作为正面证据予以引用。

注:这篇“指南”我的个人笔记,下面这只是记录我个人的感受,不是“评价”,部分内容我个人也没有能力彻底核实,请自行判断可信度。以下评价仅从圈养动物福利角度的角度衡量,不考虑他们其他方面的工作。列入条件是:在其作品中发现过多次严重的知识或理念错误,与多个更可靠消息来源矛盾;且一定是观念或方法错误,而不是失误。

  • GoHerping

    • 基本上是 folklore husbandry 大集合,把网上不靠谱的饲养方法再总结一遍,辅以其个人经验。其知识视频简单易懂,但是各个知识点的正确程度差异很大,上一句正确、下一句凑合、再下一句和权威材料矛盾,吐槽都无从下口。
  • Leopard Gecko Channel

    • 不循证
  • Brian Barczyk

    • 本人已因癌症于2023年死亡。其家人继续运营相关YouTube频道
    • 有一条缅甸蟒表现出严重的呼吸道感染(口外可见粘液、泡沫)和口腔炎(下唇红肿),但其说“这样已经5年了,没有生病。”在1~2年的时间内没有处理,导致下唇部分组织坏死。该缅甸蟒后来死亡。
    • 将缅甸蟒养在不及身长1/4,高度与缅甸蟒厚度差不多的抽屉里。多条蛇的吻鳞顶豁了,有的有严重的鼻间鳞、前额鳞的损伤。
    • 繁殖并售卖spider ball python
    • 不避讳的展示极脏的栖地。
    • “球蟒在野外也不会舒展,可以养在这样的栖地里”
    • 将树栖蛇养在缺乏攀爬空间的栖地里
    • 故意刺激蛇展示进攻行为,并以被咬作为噱头,甚至包括刚刚进食的蛇
    • 十多人围着一个玩具球场,放入多只守宫,用笔刷刺激守宫的应激行为模拟“超级碗”比赛
    • 在评论中攻击指出动物福利问题的观众
    • 售卖的蛇有寄生虫、骨突,nidovirus
    • 不对新蛇、病蛇隔离,将有呼吸道感染的病蛇直接放在正常蛇相邻的抽屉中
    • 其被妻子指责常常忘记饲喂动物,如守宫,自己光顾着买,让别人帮着养。
  • Prehistoric Pets,国内叫“加州爬宠大叔Jay”。这一频道有严重动物虐待行为,已知至少有:

    • 大型动物栖地远远小于最小福利要求,如大型蛇的栖地长度不足体长1/2,鳄鱼栖地和发育不良的鳄鱼体长差不多且无水域,简直就是Snake Discovery频道里头畸形鳄鱼Rex类似物的生产基地。
    • 无数次把新生蛇直接从蛋里拔出来,并且“科普”说这种措施没问题。甚至出现拔出来之后发现拔早了、再塞回去的情况。
    • 不顾动物福利追求罕见花色,繁殖明知有缺陷的特殊基因。比如明知有严重视力问题还故意选配出特殊白化基因的鬣蜥。
    • 极其严重的过度饲喂,并且明确表示为了获得类似最大/最重圈养蛇的新闻效果。严重到谷歌图片搜索obese + 蛇的种类都常常搜到以他的视频截图为典型案例的文章。
    • 频繁故意把大量蛇堆在一起,包括大量大型蛇,下面的蛇都能看出来压变形。甚至故意把大量蛇堆在高处以拍摄自己被许多蛇砸到地上的镜头。频繁故意用食物把鳄鱼从栖地“钓”出来。频繁故意触发蛇的应激攻击行为。
    • 明确表示他的动物生存的主要目的是繁殖,并且令明知有严重健康风险的动物繁殖并导致动物死亡。典型案例如其世界纪录网纹蟒。
    • 不叫兽医处理动物健康问题(即使问题已经明显很严重,即使是动物园部分的展示动物),并且多次对需要治疗、手术的情况“科普”表示不需要处理,事后还在不同渠道反复修改死亡发生的描述和采取的处理措施。
    • 部分栖地丰容水平差(以现代动物园标准来说)或布置错误,完全不匹配展示物种需求。
    • 视频处处体现出他脑子里就是觉得爬行动物是个道具,不是动物。
    • Reddit (排除他自己的分区)爬行动物爱好者对其批评态度几乎是公认的。也可以看他的动物园Yelp评价的打分分布,尤其是有的一星评价里提到很多问题,比如很多动物有明显健康问题,有的栖地全是屎、有的栖地里角落留有许多只臭了的没吃的老鼠。
  • 国内不可靠列表不公开

繁育者

From Lori Torrini: I wanted to share with you a preliminary list of the breeders who have been willing to work with me or pet buyers on request by placing simple enrichment into tubs and allowing them short exercise periods once or twice a week. They are also willing to open the tubs and observe the snake's behavior as just a simple way to see if they tend to be fearful or curious. This is in the very early stages but if I have Patrons thinking of adding another snake or looking to refer a friend, I would recommend starting with these breeders and making sure they know I referred you. I think it is reasonable to pay extra for the extra work they would be doing for you but that is something that isn't standard so would need to be worked out privately. There may be others willing to do something similar but these I am working with personally to develop some routine protocols. This is Patron-only content right now so don't copy and share the list but you can verbally or informally refer people to these breeders personally if you would like of course.

Thanks! Lori

Silent Hill Reptiles (Cornsnakes)

Kinova (Royal Pythons)

Reptile Genetic Services (Royal Pythons)

Midwest Serpentarium - Ralph Polinski (Bredl's Pythons, and other Morelia, some random other species)

Reach Out Reptiles (Super Dwarf and Dwarf Reticulated Pythons)

Quality Morelia bredli from breeder I endorse. January 6

Hi everyone, some of you have been actively or casually considering adding a Bredl's Python to your family. I am choosy as to who I recommend to my Patreon Community. Justin Julander is one of those breeders who I have worked with in the past that has displayed professionalism, willingness to answer questions, and to maintain ongoing correspondence with me over the years. I have one bredli that he produced in 2019 and 3 Inland Carpet Pythons that he produced. All have excellent temperaments and have been efficient learners.

As a reminder of other Bredli breeders I have worked with and would work with again: Ralph Polinski, Andy Watson, Martin Rosemond, Owen McIntyre. This is based on their combined willingness to correspond and answer questions as well as the temperament of the snakes.

Please let me know if anyone needs any assistance. If you inquire about any make sure to mention you are one of my clients and your questions should not come as a surprise.

Lori

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